SHANA (Tehran) – Energy security scholarship has long recognized the interconnected nature of global energy systems (Yergin, 2006; Winzer, 2012). The concept encompasses not merely the availability of energy resources but also the stability of supply chains, market predictability, and the resilience of energy infrastructure. Climate policy literature similarly emphasizes the need for coordinated international action and stable investment environments to achieve decarbonization goals (IPCC, 2022).
